Glock 23 Gen 4 vs Gen 5: Differences, Recoil, Best Use

The Glock 23 is a compact .40 S&W pistol available in both Gen 4 and Gen 5 versions. Understanding the differences between these generations helps you choose the right one for your needs, whether that's concealed carry, duty use, or range shooting. Both generations handle the .40 S&W cartridge effectively.

This guide compares the Gen 4 and Gen 5 Glock 23, covering their differences, how recoil compares, and which is best for different applications. Whether you're deciding between new and used options or comparing features, understanding these differences will help you make an informed decision.

People often ask about Gen 4 vs Gen 5 because both are widely available, and the differences can affect fit, feel, and functionality. The choice between them often comes down to hand size, preferences, and specific needs.

Key Differences

Finger Grooves

The Gen 4 has finger grooves molded into the front strap, while the Gen 5 removed them. Finger grooves work well for some hand sizes but can be uncomfortable for others. The Gen 5's smooth front strap accommodates more hand sizes and grip styles.

Grip Texture

The Gen 4 uses RTF (Rough Textured Frame) with more aggressive texture, while the Gen 5 uses a more refined texture that's still grippy but less abrasive. The Gen 4 texture can be rough on skin during extended shooting sessions, while the Gen 5 is more comfortable for many shooters.

Slide Stop

The Gen 4 has a left-side-only slide stop, while the Gen 5 features an ambidextrous slide stop lever. This is an advantage for left-handed shooters who can more easily manipulate the slide stop.

Barrel

The Gen 5 uses Glock's "Marksman Barrel" with improved rifling for potentially better accuracy. The Gen 4 uses Glock's polygonal rifling. The difference is subtle but measurable in precision shooting applications.

MOS Availability

The Gen 5 offers MOS (Modular Optic System) versions that come with factory-milled slides for red dot sights. The Gen 4 requires aftermarket slide milling to mount an optic. If you want optics capability, the Gen 5 MOS is the easier path.

Trigger

The Gen 5 trigger is generally considered an improvement, with a cleaner break and better reset feel. The Gen 4 trigger is still good, but the Gen 5 refinement is noticeable to many shooters, especially in precision shooting.

Recoil Comparison

Both Gen 4 and Gen 5 use dual recoil spring assemblies, which help manage .40 S&W's snappy recoil. The recoil characteristics are very similar between generations, with the dual spring system providing good recoil management in both.

The .40 S&W cartridge produces more recoil than 9mm, and both generations handle it similarly. The grip texture differences may affect perceived recoil control—some shooters find the Gen 4's aggressive texture provides better grip, while others prefer the Gen 5's smoother texture for comfort.

For most shooters, the recoil difference between Gen 4 and Gen 5 is negligible. Both are manageable with proper technique, and the choice between them should be based on other factors like fit and features rather than recoil management.

Best Use Cases

Concealed Carry

Both generations work well for concealed carry. The Gen 5's smoother texture is less likely to abrade skin or clothing, which can be an advantage. The removal of finger grooves in Gen 5 can make it more comfortable for some hand sizes during extended carry.

If finger grooves fit your hands well, the Gen 4 can work excellently. If you have larger or smaller hands that don't align with the grooves, the Gen 5 is likely more comfortable.

Duty Use

Both generations are reliable for duty use. The Gen 5's ambidextrous slide stop is an advantage for left-handed officers. The Gen 5 MOS version allows optics mounting if your agency permits red dot sights. The Glock 22(full-size .40 S&W) is also commonly used for duty applications.

The Gen 4's aggressive grip texture can provide excellent traction, which some officers prefer. Both are proven reliable for duty applications.

Competition

The Gen 5's Marksman barrel can provide a slight accuracy advantage. The MOS version allows red dot mounting without aftermarket milling. The Gen 4's aggressive texture can be an advantage for some shooters who want maximum grip.

Pros & Cons

Gen 4 Pros

  • • Often available at lower prices (used market)
  • • Aggressive grip texture provides excellent traction
  • • Finger grooves work well for some hand sizes
  • • Proven reliability and track record
  • • Dual recoil spring manages .40 S&W recoil

Gen 4 Cons

  • • Finger grooves may not fit all hand sizes
  • • Aggressive texture can be rough on hands
  • • No ambidextrous slide stop
  • • Requires milling for optics

Gen 5 Pros

  • • No finger grooves (fits more hand sizes)
  • • Smoother, more comfortable grip texture
  • • Ambidextrous slide stop
  • • MOS versions available for optics
  • • Marksman barrel for improved accuracy
  • • Refined trigger

Gen 5 Cons

  • • Higher price (current production)
  • • Less aggressive texture (some prefer Gen 4)
  • • Newer design (less track record than Gen 4)

Who Should Choose Each

Choose Gen 4 If

  • • Finger grooves fit your hands comfortably
  • • You prefer aggressive grip texture
  • • You're right-handed (no need for ambidextrous slide stop)
  • • You find a good deal on the used market
  • • You don't need optics capability

Choose Gen 5 If

  • • Finger grooves don't fit your hands
  • • You're left-handed (ambidextrous slide stop)
  • • You want MOS for optics mounting
  • • You prefer smoother grip texture
  • • You're buying new and want latest refinements
  • • You prioritize maximum accuracy (Marksman barrel)

Glock 23 Gen 4 vs Gen 5 FAQ

Is there a recoil difference between Gen 4 and Gen 5?

The recoil is very similar between generations. Both use dual recoil spring assemblies that help manage .40 S&W recoil. The grip texture differences may affect perceived control, but actual recoil characteristics are nearly identical. Choose based on fit and features rather than recoil.

Are Gen 4 and Gen 5 magazines compatible?

Gen 4 magazines work in Gen 5 pistols, and Gen 5 magazines generally work in Gen 4 pistols. Both have dual-side notches. The main consideration is magazine release notch orientation: if a Gen 4 reversible magazine release is set for left-handed use, some older magazines without matching notches won't lock in properly. Always test your magazines with your specific pistol for maximum reliability.

Which is better for concealed carry?

Both work well for concealed carry. The Gen 5's smoother texture is less likely to abrade skin or clothing, which can be an advantage. The removal of finger grooves in Gen 5 can make it more comfortable for some hand sizes. Choose based on which fits your hands better.

Can you put a red dot on a Gen 4?

Yes, but it requires aftermarket slide milling since the Gen 4 doesn't have an MOS version. The Gen 5 offers MOS versions that come with factory-milled slides, making optics mounting easier and more cost-effective.

Is the Gen 5 worth the extra cost?

That depends on your needs. If you want MOS capability, ambidextrous controls, or prefer the Gen 5's features (no finger grooves, smoother texture), it may be worth it. If you're happy with Gen 4 features and find a good deal, the Gen 4 offers excellent value. The Gen 5 refinements are nice but not essential for most users.

Which generation is more reliable?

Both generations are highly reliable. The differences are refinements rather than reliability improvements. Gen 4 has a longer track record, while Gen 5 has the latest refinements. Choose based on features and fit rather than reliability concerns.

Safety Considerations

Ammunition Compatibility

Both generations are designed for standard pressure .40 S&W ammunition that meets SAAMI specifications. .40 S&W does not have a SAAMI +P specification. Use standard-pressure, SAAMI-spec .40 S&W ammunition, and avoid "+P" labeled .40 loads unless the ammunition manufacturer explicitly supports it for your specific Glock model.

Magazine Compatibility

Gen 4 magazines work in Gen 5 pistols, and Gen 5 magazines generally work in Gen 4 pistols. Both have dual-side notches. The main consideration is magazine release notch orientation: if a Gen 4 reversible magazine release is set for left-handed use, some older magazines without matching notches won't lock in properly. Always test your magazines with your specific pistol for maximum reliability.

Grip Fitment

The Gen 4's finger grooves may not fit all hand sizes comfortably. If the grooves don't align with your fingers, it can affect grip and control. Try before you buy if possible, or consider a Gen 5 if finger grooves are a concern.

Bottom Line

Both the Glock 23 Gen 4 and Gen 5 are reliable, capable compact .40 S&W pistols. The differences between them are refinements rather than fundamental changes. Gen 4 offers good value, especially on the used market, while Gen 5 provides the latest refinements and features.

Choose Gen 4 if finger grooves fit your hands, you prefer aggressive grip texture, and you find a good deal. Choose Gen 5 if you want MOS capability, ambidextrous controls, or prefer the smoother texture and no finger grooves.

The most important factor is finding a generation that fits your hands well. Both will serve you reliably, so choose based on fit, features, and price rather than assuming one is inherently better than the other.